The role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in human cancer

Different ways by which HDACs are recruited to gene promoters. An array of nucleosomes is shown. Histone octamers are represented by circles and the DNA is shown in red. Histone deacetylation induced by recruitment of HDAC to gene promoters by different factors including, DNA methyl transferases (DNMT), the methyl binding protein MeCP2, Estrogen receptor (ER) and transcription factors (E2F, Rb).

A model showing a possible effect of HDAC2 mutation in cancer development. class I HDACs are involved in gene transcription-repression mediated by retinoblastoma protein. The lost of HDAC2 function could induce the hyperacetylation and reexpression of genes regulated by retinoblastoma protein Rb, and with crucial functions in cell cycle regulation.